Ecosystem services and resilience openness project. Furthermore, it is often argued that for coexistence to be possible, even functionally redundant species need to differ in some aspects, including in their susceptibility to threats or to. In standard ecological usage, response diversity rd refers to the range of reactions to environmental change among species that contribute to the same ecosystem function elmqvist et al. Published here under license by the resilience alliance.
Ecosystembased adaptation eba integrates the use of biodiversity and ecosystem. Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience thomas elmqvist, stockholm university nov. Biological diversity appears to enhance the resilience of desirable ecosystem states, which is required to secure the production of essential. However, current understanding of response diversity is poor, and we see an urgent need to disentangle the conceptual strands that pervade studies of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Enhancing resilience with response diversity resilience resilience is nowadays a widely used concept concerning the status and dynamics of socialecological systems.
This chapter explores the links between ecosystem services and climate change. Box 4 because it impacts the functional and response diversity of a system. Disasters and ecosystems, resilience in a changing climate source book. Here we present examples of response diversity from both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and across temporal and spatial scales. Request pdf biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions accelerating rates of environmental change and the continued. Diversity matters at different levels and scales, from genes to species and from habitats to landscapes. Response diversity determines the resilience of ecosystems. Although species vary in their responses to elevated ozone. Protecting and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems u. Protecting and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems. It is easier to lose diversity, productivity and even more resilience from. Go to the pdfversion of this article the following is. Abstract ecologists have made great strides in developing criteria for describing the resilience of an ecological system. Recent work in ecology suggests that the diversity of responses to environmental change among species contributing to the same ecosystem.
The diversity of responses to environmental change among species contributing to the same ecosystem function, which we call response diversity, is critical to resilience. Ecological resilience refers to the ability of an ecosystem to maintain key functions and processes in the face of stresses or pressures, by resisting and then adapting to change. Biological diversity appears to enhance the resilience of desirable ecosystem states, which is required to secure the production of essential ecosystem services. In addition, expansion of that effort to socialecological systems has begun the process of identifying changes to the social system necessary to foster resilience in an ecological system such as the use of adaptive management and integrated ecosystem. It first describes the ecosystem services that contribute to mitigation and adaptation, as well as the threat of climate. Ecosystem resilience an overview sciencedirect topics. A resilient organism or ecosystem can withstand a disturbance without shifting to an alternative state and can continue to function as if the. Ecological diversity and resilience gross national happiness. With the northern cod, significant amounts of capelin an important prey species for the cod. For example, various elements such as the water cycle, fertility, biodiversity. Response diversity is particularly important for ecosystem renewal and reorganization following change. Response diversity and the reassembly of trait space was limited, and varied according to biogeographic differences in the attributes of dominant, rapidly recovering species.
This means intact ecosystems are usually more productive than ones that have lost diversity. How species combine to deliver the ecological function they provide is pivotal for. Mori as, furukawa t, sasaki t response diversity determines the. Response diversity may also be a key determinant of ecosystem resilience in the face of anthropogenic pressures and environmental uncertainty. Diversity, adaptability and ecosystem resilience rozenn keribin1, dr andrew friend1, dr drew purves2 1 department of geography, university of cambridge 2 microsoft research, cambridge summary. This warming will impact ecosystems through heat stress, precipitation changes and alterations in biogeochemical cycles and energy flows. Eba is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall adaptation.
Ecosystem services and resilience z 3 p a g e including food and water, land livestock assets, access to social safety nets e. Driving forces of biodiversity and ecosystem service change. Resilience is analogous to hysteresis in physics and engineering. Resilient ecosystems sustain biological diversity and human livelihoods in times of severe and wideranging change, and the concepts of resiliencebased ecosystem stewardship 5 helps people to. The contribution of ecosystem services to human resilience.
Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience elmqvist. Pdf response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience. Chapter 3 ecosystem resilience, environmental change and the role of a. A synthesis is emerging between biodiversity ecosystem function and ecological resilience research reply to mori tom h. Response diversity and resilience in socialecological. The convention on biological diversity just released a report pdf put together by their liaison expert group on geoengineering and biodiversity. Resilience thinking considers those properties of human and natural systems complex adaptive socialecological. The resilience of ecosystems to environmental change recce. Native forests and grasslands across the world face a range of threats, including climate change, urbanization, and exotic species invasions. Response diversity and resilience resilience has been used in several different ways, including as an evocative metaphor in discourse on sustainability and as a quantity that is potentially measurable in a. The report to which i have contributed as one of several. Ecosystems that have low levels of interdependence are much more vulnerable to change. Resilience loss can feed back on itself, because disturbance has a greater effect on ecosystems that have already lost resilience.
This variation in response within and between individual species determines both the shortterm provision and the longterm resilience of ecosystem functions. Ecological resilience, the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling and biomass production after being subjected to damage caused by an ecological disturbance. Climate resilience is generally defined as the capacity for a socioecological system to. Consider the state of biodiversity and ecosystem resilience of monmouthshire and identify relevant habitats and species of principal importance for nature conservation. Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions. Response diversity and resilience in socialecological systems. In fact, the second ad hoc technical expert group on biodiversity and climate change of the convention on biological diversity defined ecosystem based approaches to climate change. The resilience and resistance of an ecosystem to a. Diversity increases ecosystem resilience diversity affects an ecosystems ability to resist disturbance, like fire. Thus, ecosystem based approach through adaptation and mitigation is instrumental to maintain ecosystem health so as to sustain system resilience in the face of climate change. Response diversity builds resilience in ecosystems society, too. Response diversity builds resilience in ecosystems. Biodiversity, ecosystem services and governance stockholm. New paradigms for supporting the resilience of marine.
Resilience is the capacity of a socialecological system to absorb or withstand perturbations and other stressors such that the system remains within the same regime, essentially maintaining its structure. Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience thomas elmqvist1, carl folke1z, magnus nystr6m1, garry peterson4, jan bengtsson23, brian walker5, and jon norberg biological diversity. Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience article pdf available in frontiers in ecology and the environment 19. In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or. A naturebased response to climate change global ecosystembased adaptation in mountains programme. The contribution of ecosystem services to human resilience iii summary ecosystem services es are the benefits provided by ecosystems that contribute to making human life possible and worth living ma. Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions request pdf. Ecosystem resilience in a changing world compasslive. Biodiversity, ecosystem services and resilience governance for. Response diversity provides adaptive capacity in a world of complex systems, uncertainty, and humandominated environments. A synthesis is emerging between biodiversity ecosystem.
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